Binyamin Netanyahu’s governing coalition has moved closer to collapse after lawmakers submitted a bill to dissolve the Knesset and trigger a general election, potentially setting the stage for a national vote as early as September or October.

The coalition has come under mounting pressure from ultra-Orthodox political parties frustrated by the government’s inability to pass legislation exempting religious students from mandatory military service. The disagreement has widened divisions within the ruling alliance at a time when Israel continues to face major security and political challenges.

Opposition leader Yair Lapid welcomed the move toward elections, telling supporters that his camp was prepared for a national contest and ready to challenge the current administration.

Amid the growing political uncertainty, the Knesset also passed controversial legislation allowing military tribunals to impose the death penalty on Hamas militants and accomplices convicted over involvement in the October 7, 2023 attacks.

The measure received overwhelming bipartisan backing, passing by a 93-0 vote, with 27 lawmakers abstaining or absent. Supporters argue the law strengthens Israel’s national security response, while critics warn it could further inflame tensions in the region.

The twin developments — political instability within the coalition and tougher security legislation — signal a potentially turbulent period ahead for Israeli politics and the wider Middle East.